A section, represents a vertical plane cut through the object, in the same way as a floor plan is a horizontal section viewed from the top. In the section view, everything cut by the section plane is shown as a bold line, often with a solid fill to show objects that are cut through, and anything seen beyond generally shown in a thinner line. Sections are used to describe the relationship between different levels of a building.
A sectional elevation is a combination of a cross section, with elevations of other parts of the building seen beyond the section plane. Just like an elevation, a section is used to show and specify certain elements of the building that would otherwise be impossible to in both elevations and plan. For instance, in a section, the architect can define the floor to ceiling height of a building, the architect can define the components of the foundation and roof in both cases giving detailed dimensions and materials.
Detail drawings show a small part of the construction at a larger scale, to show how the component parts fit together. They are also used to show small surface details, for example decorative elements. Section drawings at large scale are a standard way of showing building construction details, typically showing complex junctions (such as floor to wall junction, window openings, eaves and roof apex) that cannot be clearly shown on a drawing that includes the full height of the building. A full set of construction details needs to show plan details as well as vertical section details. One detail is seldom produced in isolation: a set of details shows the information needed to understand the construction in three dimensions. Typical scales for details are 1/10, 1/5 and full size.
Isometric and axonometric projections are a simple way of representing a three dimensional object, keeping the elements to scale and showing the relationship between several sides of the same object, so that the complexities of a shape can be clearly understood. An isometric uses a plan grid at 30 degrees from the horizontal in both directions, which distorts the plan shape. An axonometric uses a 45 degree plan grid, which keeps the original orthogonal geometry of the plan. The great advantage of this view for architecture is that the draughtsman can work directly from a plan, without having to reconstruct it on a skewed grid.
Perspective in drawing is an approximate representation on a flat surface of an image as it is perceived by the eye. The key concepts here are:
In computer aided designs, perspectives have become easier to render incorporating real life materials to give as a real as possible an image to what is proposed. This is a great tool for architects in helping the clients understand the concept.
The skill though has been learnt by many professions, some nto architects, who will give a rendering of any layouts given them. Some of these people have become so good at it that they give the service to the architects. It may be a cost saving factor to get the renders done separately, but in any case, the architect should be incharge. Interior designers will too create perspectives to explain their proposals in terms of colors, fittings etc.
You as a client should always remember that perspectives are add-ons. It will be great to have an image representation fo your proposed construction but if its too expensive, then at the back of your mind you should realize its not an absolute necessity. Other add-ons are architectural models. An architectural model is a type of a scale model, tangible (also called sometimes physical) representation of a structure built to study aspects of an architectural design or to communicate design ideas to clients, committees, and the general public. Architectural models are a tool which may be used for show, presentation, fundraising, obtaining permits, and sale purposes.
Rough study models can be made quickly using cardboard, wooden blocks, polystyrene, foam, foam boards and other materials. Such models are an efficient tool for three-dimensional understanding of a design, used by architects, interior designers and exhibit designers. For a highly detailed presentation model, architects would employ a professional model maker, model making company or students working for credit. This is again an add-on but not absolute necessity. Next we shall look at structural drawings.
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